Differences Between 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 347, 32750, 32760, and 904L Stainless steel pipes
Stainless steel pipes are widely used in various industries due to their durability, Corrosion resistance, and high strength. Among the different grades of stainless steel pipes available in the market, some of the most commonly used ones are 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 347, 32750, 32760, and 904L. Each of these grades has its own unique properties and applications, making it important to understand the differences between them.
Starting with 304 and 304L stainless steel pipes, these grades are the most commonly used in industrial applications. The main difference between the two is the carbon content. 304 stainless steel contains around 18% chromium and 8% nickel, while 304L stainless steel has a lower carbon content, which makes it more weldable and less susceptible to corrosion. 304L is often used in applications where Welding is required.
Chemical Composition, Mass Fraction (%)
Grade
C
Mn
Mo
Cr
Ni
Cu
P
S
Si
Type
min
max
min
max
min
max
min
max
max
max
max
max
max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
H40
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
โ
J55
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
โ
K55
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
โ
N80
1
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
0.03
โ
N80
Q
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
0.03
โ
R95
โ
โ
0.45 c
โ
1.9
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.03
0.03
0.45
L80
1
โ
0.43 a
โ
1.9
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.25
0.35
0.03
0.03
0.45
L80
9Cr
โ
0.15
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
8
10
0.5
0.25
0.02
0.03
1
L80
13Cr
0.15
0.22
0.25
1
โ
โ
12
14
0.5
0.25
0.02
0.03
1
C90
1
โ
0.35
โ
1.2
0.25 b
0.85
โ
1.5
0.99
โ
0.02
0.03
โ
T95
1
โ
0.35
โ
1.2
0.25 b
0.85
0.4
1.5
0.99
โ
0.02
0.03
โ
C110
โ
โ
0.35
โ
1.2
0.25
1
0.4
1.5
0.99
โ
0.02
0.03
โ
P110
e
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
โ
0.030 e
0.030 e
โ
Q125
1
โ
0.35
1.35
โ
0.85
โ
1.5
0.99
โ
0.02
0.01
โ
NOTE Elements shown shall be reported in product analysis.
a The carbon content for L80 may be increased up to 0.50 % maximum if the product is oil-quenched or polymer-quenched.
b The molybdenum content for Grade C90 Type 1 has no minimum tolerance if the Wall thickness is less than 17.78 mm.
c The carbon content for R95 may be increased up to 0.55 % maximum if the product is oil-quenched.
d The molybdenum content for T95 Type 1 may be decreased to 0.15 % minimum if the wall thickness is less than 17.78 mm.
e For EW Grade P110, the phosphorus content shall be 0.020 % maximum and the sulfur content 0.010 % maximum.
Moving on to 316 and 316L stainless steel pipes, these grades are known for their excellent corrosion resistance, especially in acidic environments. The main difference between them is the addition of molybdenum in 316L, which enhances its corrosion resistance. 316L is often used in marine and chemical processing applications where corrosion resistance is crucial.
347 stainless steel pipes are similar to 304 stainless steel but contain niobium, which improves their high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. These pipes are often used in high-temperature applications such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.
32750 and 32760 stainless steel pipes are duplex stainless steels that offer a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. These grades are often used in applications where both strength and corrosion resistance are important, such as in the oil and gas industry.
Lastly, 904L stainless steel pipes are known for their high corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments such as in sulfuric acid processing plants. These pipes are often used in chemical processing, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries.
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In terms of specifications, stainless steel pipes are available in different forms such as seamless pipes, welded pipes, and ERW pipes. The A312 specification covers seamless, straight-seam welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipes. The A269 specification covers seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel Tubing for general service. The A790 specification covers seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipes for general corrosive service. The A789 specification covers seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service.
In conclusion, understanding the differences between 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 347, 32750, 32760, and 904L stainless steel pipes is crucial in selecting the right grade for your specific application. Each grade has its own unique properties and applications, so it is important to consider factors such as corrosion resistance, strength, and weldability when choosing the appropriate grade for your project. Whether you are in the chemical processing, oil and gas, or aerospace industry, there is a stainless steel pipe grade that will meet your requirements.
347 stainless steel pipes are similar to 304 stainless steel but contain niobium, which improves their high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. These pipes are often used in high-temperature applications such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.
32750 and 32760 stainless steel pipes are duplex stainless steels that offer a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. These grades are often used in applications where both strength and corrosion resistance are important, such as in the oil and gas industry.
